. . . . . "06659685-n"^^ . . "0"^^ . . . "affirmative action"^^ . "104993545"@en-us . "0"^^ . "a policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities; \"affirmative action has been extremely controversial and was challenged in 1978 in the Bakke decision\""@en-us . . "106659685"^^ . "affirmative action"@en-us . "106249490"@en-us .